Hari 019 dari 365 Menuju IELTS Band 7+ — Comparative and Superlative

Hari 019 Minggu 3 Grammar

Comparative and Superlative

Hari kesembilan belas dari perjalanan 365 hari menuju IELTS Band 7+: belajar membandingkan dua hal atau lebih dengan higher than, more important than, dan the most effective.

Target Pemula–Menengah

Level Fondasi Band 5

Fokus Comparison

Dalam IELTS, kemampuan membandingkan sangat penting. Pada Writing Task 1, kita sering membandingkan angka, kategori, tren, atau periode waktu. Pada Writing Task 2, kita membandingkan pilihan, solusi, dampak, atau pendapat. Dalam Speaking, kita juga sering diminta membandingkan masa lalu dan sekarang, kota dan desa, belajar online dan offline, atau pilihan pribadi.

higher than

Comparative and Superlative — membandingkan dua hal atau memilih yang paling menonjol.

1. Apa itu comparative dan superlative?

Comparative digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, biasanya berarti “lebih ... daripada”. Contohnya: higher than, more expensive than, atau less common than.

Superlative digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang paling tinggi, paling rendah, paling penting, paling efektif, atau paling menonjol dalam satu kelompok. Contohnya: the highest, the most important, atau the least expensive.

Comparative = membandingkan dua hal
Superlative = menunjukkan yang paling dalam satu kelompok higher than / the highest — more important than / the most important

Catatan penting: dalam IELTS Writing Task 1, comparison bukan tambahan kecil. Justru sering menjadi bagian utama dari overview dan body paragraph.

2. Comparative dengan -er + than

Untuk adjective pendek, biasanya kita menambahkan -er, lalu memakai than. Bentuk ini sering digunakan untuk membandingkan angka, ukuran, atau tingkat suatu hal.

adjective-er + than higher than / lower than / older than / smaller than

Adjective	Comparative	Contoh
high	higher than	The figure for Japan was higher than that for Korea.
low	lower than	The unemployment rate was lower than in the previous year.
large	larger than	The urban population was larger than the rural population.
small	smaller than	The number of visitors was smaller than expected.

Kesalahan umum: jangan lupa memakai than. Bukan higher the previous year, tetapi higher than the previous year.

3. Comparative dengan more + adjective + than

Untuk adjective yang lebih panjang, biasanya kita memakai more + adjective + than. Bentuk ini sangat sering muncul dalam Writing Task 2 ketika membandingkan ide, solusi, atau dampak.

more + adjective + than more important than / more effective than / more expensive than

Adjective	Comparative	Contoh
important	more important than	Education is more important than entertainment for young people.
effective	more effective than	Prevention is often more effective than treatment.
expensive	more expensive than	Private education is usually more expensive than public education.
accessible	more accessible than	Online courses are more accessible than traditional classes for some students.

Untuk Task 2: comparative membantu ketika Anda membahas dua pilihan, misalnya online learning vs classroom learning, public transport vs private cars, atau prevention vs punishment.

4. Less + adjective + than

Selain “lebih”, kita juga bisa memakai less + adjective + than untuk menyatakan “kurang ... dibandingkan”. Bentuk ini berguna ketika kita ingin membandingkan secara lebih halus.

less + adjective + than less expensive than / less common than / less effective than

Contoh	Arti
Public transport is less expensive than private car ownership.	Transportasi umum lebih murah dibandingkan kepemilikan mobil pribadi.
This method is less effective than direct feedback.	Metode ini kurang efektif dibandingkan feedback langsung.
Reading books is less common than watching videos among teenagers.	Membaca buku kurang umum dibandingkan menonton video di kalangan remaja.

5. Superlative dengan the + adjective-est

Untuk adjective pendek, superlative biasanya memakai the + adjective-est. Bentuk ini sering digunakan untuk menyebut angka tertinggi, angka terendah, atau kategori paling menonjol.

the + adjective-est the highest / the lowest / the largest / the smallest

Adjective	Superlative	Contoh
high	the highest	Japan had the highest percentage in 2020.
low	the lowest	The lowest figure was recorded in 2015.
large	the largest	The largest increase occurred between 2010 and 2020.
small	the smallest	The smallest proportion was seen among older adults.

Kesalahan umum: jangan lupa memakai the dalam superlative. Bukan highest percentage, tetapi the highest percentage.

6. Superlative dengan the most + adjective

Untuk adjective yang lebih panjang, gunakan the most + adjective. Bentuk ini sering muncul dalam Writing Task 2 ketika kita ingin menyebut solusi, faktor, atau dampak yang paling penting.

the most + adjective the most important / the most effective / the most expensive

Adjective	Superlative	Contoh
important	the most important	Education is one of the most important factors in social mobility.
effective	the most effective	Early intervention is often the most effective solution.
expensive	the most expensive	Housing is usually one of the most expensive living costs.
challenging	the most challenging	Writing is the most challenging IELTS skill for many learners.

7. Irregular comparative dan superlative

Beberapa adjective memiliki bentuk comparative dan superlative yang tidak beraturan. Bentuk ini perlu dihafalkan karena sangat sering dipakai.

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative	Contoh
good	better	the best	This method is better than the previous one.
bad	worse	the worst	Air pollution is worse in large cities.
far	farther / further	the farthest / the furthest	Further research is needed.

Untuk IELTS Writing: frasa further research, better facilities, dan worse conditions cukup sering dipakai dalam konteks akademik.

8. Comparative dalam IELTS Writing Task 1

Dalam Writing Task 1, comparative digunakan untuk membandingkan data. Anda bisa membandingkan negara, tahun, kategori, kelompok usia, atau jenis transportasi.

Data comparison

The figure for Japan was higher than that for Indonesia.

Angka Jepang lebih tinggi daripada Indonesia.

Time comparison

The percentage was lower in 2020 than in 2010.

Persentasenya lebih rendah pada 2020 dibandingkan 2010.

Category comparison

Public transport was more popular than cycling.

Transportasi umum lebih populer daripada bersepeda.

9. Superlative dalam IELTS Writing Task 1

Superlative sangat berguna untuk overview. Dalam overview, kita sering menyebut kategori tertinggi, terendah, kenaikan terbesar, atau penurunan paling tajam.

Frasa	Fungsi	Contoh
the highest figure	angka tertinggi	The highest figure was recorded in 2020.
the lowest percentage	persentase terendah	The lowest percentage was seen among older adults.
the largest increase	kenaikan terbesar	The largest increase occurred in the final period.
the most significant change	perubahan paling signifikan	The most significant change was observed in car ownership.

Untuk Task 1 Overview: jangan hanya menulis semua angka. Pilih pola besar, angka tertinggi, angka terendah, dan perubahan paling menonjol.

10. Comparative dalam IELTS Writing Task 2

Dalam Writing Task 2, comparative membantu kita membandingkan solusi, kebijakan, metode belajar, dampak teknologi, atau pilihan sosial.

Kalimat	Fungsi
Preventive healthcare is more effective than treating diseases after they occur.	Membandingkan dua pendekatan dalam isu kesehatan.
Public transport is more environmentally friendly than private cars.	Membandingkan dampak lingkungan dua jenis transportasi.
Practical experience can be more valuable than theoretical knowledge in some jobs.	Membandingkan pengalaman dan teori dalam konteks pekerjaan.

11. Comparative dan superlative dalam IELTS Speaking

Dalam Speaking, comparative dan superlative membuat jawaban lebih kaya. Anda bisa membandingkan masa lalu dan sekarang, dua tempat, dua metode belajar, atau preferensi pribadi.

Question

Do you prefer studying alone or studying with friends?

Apakah Anda lebih suka belajar sendiri atau dengan teman?

Answer

I prefer studying alone because it is more flexible. However, studying with friends can be more effective when I need to discuss difficult topics.

Saya lebih suka belajar sendiri karena lebih fleksibel. Namun, belajar bersama teman bisa lebih efektif saat saya perlu mendiskusikan topik sulit.

12. Kosakata penting hari ini

Kosakata berikut berguna untuk comparative dan superlative dalam konteks IELTS.

Kata / Frasa	Arti	Contoh sederhana
higher than	lebih tinggi daripada	The figure was higher than expected.
lower than	lebih rendah daripada	The rate was lower than in 2010.
more effective than	lebih efektif daripada	This method is more effective than memorization.
less expensive than	lebih murah / kurang mahal daripada	Public transport is less expensive than driving.
the highest	yang tertinggi	This country had the highest figure.
the lowest	yang terendah	The lowest percentage was recorded in 2005.
the most important	yang paling penting	Education is one of the most important factors.
the most significant	yang paling signifikan	The most significant change occurred after 2010.

13. Useful phrases hari ini

Frasa berikut bisa digunakan untuk IELTS Writing dan Speaking.

Phrase 1

A was higher than B.

A lebih tinggi daripada B.

Phrase 2

This method is more effective than...

Metode ini lebih efektif daripada...

Phrase 3

The highest figure was recorded in...

Angka tertinggi tercatat pada...

Phrase 4

One of the most important reasons is...

Salah satu alasan paling penting adalah...

14. Kesalahan umum pemula

a. Mencampur -er dan more

Jangan mengatakan more higher. Bentuk yang benar adalah higher. Jangan mengatakan more easier. Bentuk yang benar adalah easier.

b. Lupa memakai than dalam comparative

Jika membandingkan dua hal, gunakan than. Contoh: This method is more effective than memorization.

c. Lupa memakai the dalam superlative

Dalam superlative, biasanya gunakan the. Contoh: the highest figure, the most important factor.

Ringkasnya: jangan memakai more higher, more better, atau most highest. Pilih satu bentuk yang benar.

15. Latihan pemahaman

Coba Sendiri

Jawab pertanyaan berikut berdasarkan materi hari ini.

1. Apa fungsi comparative?
2. Apa fungsi superlative?
3. Mana yang benar: “higher than” atau “more higher than”?
4. Mana yang benar: “most important” atau “the most important”?
5. Buat satu kalimat comparative tentang belajar IELTS.

Tips menjawab:
Comparative biasanya memakai than, sedangkan superlative biasanya memakai the.

Lihat contoh jawaban

1. Comparative digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal.
2. Superlative digunakan untuk menunjukkan yang paling menonjol dalam satu kelompok.
3. Yang benar adalah “higher than”.
4. Yang benar adalah “the most important”.
5. Contoh: Speaking is more difficult than Reading for many learners.

16. Latihan kalimat

Coba Buat Kalimat

Lengkapi kalimat berikut dengan bentuk comparative atau superlative yang benar.

1. The figure for Japan was ______ than that for Indonesia. (high)
2. Writing is often ______ than Reading for many students. (difficult)
3. This method is ______ than memorizing answers. (effective)
4. The ______ figure was recorded in 2020. (high)
5. Education is one of the ______ factors in social development. (important)

Pola bantuan:
adjective-er + than
more + adjective + than
the + adjective-est
the most + adjective

Lihat contoh jawaban kalimat

1. The figure for Japan was higher than that for Indonesia.
2. Writing is often more difficult than Reading for many students.
3. This method is more effective than memorizing answers.
4. The highest figure was recorded in 2020.
5. Education is one of the most important factors in social development.

17. Latihan Speaking mini

Coba Bicara

Jawab pertanyaan berikut dengan suara keras. Coba gunakan minimal satu comparative dan satu superlative.

1. Which IELTS skill is more difficult for you, Writing or Speaking?
2. Is studying online more effective than studying in a classroom?
3. What is the most important skill for studying abroad?
4. Is life today easier than life in the past?

Pola bantuan:
... is more difficult than ...
... is more effective than ...
The most important skill is ...
Life today is easier than ...

Lihat contoh jawaban Speaking

1. For me, Writing is more difficult than Speaking because I need to organize my ideas and use accurate grammar.
2. Online learning can be more flexible than classroom learning, but classroom learning may be more effective for students who need direct feedback.
3. The most important skill for studying abroad is independent learning because students must manage their own time and responsibilities.
4. Life today is easier than life in the past in terms of technology, but it may also be more stressful because people receive too much information.

18. Ringkasan hari ini

Materi utama	Comparative and Superlative
Comparative	Digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal.
Superlative	Digunakan untuk menunjukkan yang paling menonjol dalam satu kelompok.
Pola comparative	adjective-er + than / more + adjective + than / less + adjective + than
Pola superlative	the + adjective-est / the most + adjective
Target latihan	Bisa membandingkan data, solusi, pengalaman, dan pilihan dalam IELTS Writing dan Speaking.

Materi berikutnya

Besok kita akan belajar:

Hari 020 — Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Kita akan membahas noun yang bisa dihitung dan tidak bisa dihitung, seperti book/books, information, advice, dan research, yang sering menjadi sumber kesalahan dalam IELTS Writing.

© Muhammad Farid Maricar — Seri 365 Hari Menuju IELTS Band 7+